Nilai Referensi Pemeriksaan Kimia Darah
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November 13th, 2008
| TEST | NORMAL VALUE* | CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE |
| Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | 7-18 mg/dL | Increased in renal disease and dehydration; decreased in liver damage and malnutrition |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) (includes bicarbonate) | 23-30 mmol/L | Useful to evaluate acid-base balance by measuring total carbon dioxide in the blood: Elevated in vomiting and pulmonary disease; decreased in diabetic acidosis, acute renal failure, and hyperventilation |
| Chloride (Cl) | 98-106 mEq/L | Increased in dehydration, hyperventilation, and congestive heart failure; decreased in vomiting,diarrhea, and fever |
| Creatinine | 0.6-1.2 mg/dL | Produced at a constant rate and excreted by the kidney; increased in kidney disease |
| Glucose | Fasting: 70-110 mg/dL Random: 85-125 mg/dL | Increased in diabetes and severe illness; decreased in insulin overdose or hypoglycemia |
| Potassium (K) | 3.5-5 mEq/L | Increased in renal failure, extensive cell damage, and acidosis; decreased in vomiting, diarrhea, and excess administration of diuretics or IV fluids |
| Sodium (Na) | 101-111 mEq/L or 135-148 mEq/L (depending on test) | Increased in dehydration and diabetes insipidus; decreased in overload of IV fluids, burns,diarrhea, or vomiting |
| Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) | 10-40 U/L | Used to diagnose and monitor treatment of liver disease and to monitor the effects of drugs on the liver; increased in myocardial infarction |
| Albumin | 3.8-5.0 g/dL | Albumin holds water in blood; decreased in liver disease and kidney disease |
| Albumin-globulin ratio (A/G ratio) | Greater than 1 | Low A/G ratio signifies a tendency for edema because globulin is less effective than albumin at holding water in the blood |
| Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | 20-70 U/L (varies by method) | Enzyme of bone metabolism; increased in liver disease and metastatic bone disease |
| Amylase | 21-160 U/L | Used to diagnose and monitor treatment of acute pancreatitis and to detect inflammation of the salivary glands |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) | 0-41 U/L (varies) | Enzyme present in tissues with high metabolic activity; increased in myocardial infarction and liver disease |
| Bilirubin, total | 0.2-1.0 mg/dL | Breakdown product of hemoglobin from red blood cells; increased when excessive red blood cells are being destroyed or in liver disease |
| Calcium (Ca) | 8.8-10.0 mg/dL | Increased in excess parathyroid hormone production and in cancer; decreased in alkalosis, elevated phosphate in renal failure, and excess IV fluids |
| Cholesterol | 120-220 mg/dL desirable range | Screening test used to evaluate risk of heart disease; levels of 200 mg/dL or above indicate increased risk of heart disease and warrant further investigation |
| Creatine phosphokinase (CPK or CK) | Men: 38-174 U/L Women: 96-140 U/L | Elevated enzyme level indicates myocardial infarction or damage to skeletal muscle. When elevated,specific fractions (isoenzymes) are tested for |
| Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) | Men: 6-26 U/L Women: 4-18 U/L | Used to diagnose liver disease and to test for chronic alcoholism |
| Globulins | 2.3-3.5 g/dL | Proteins active in immunity; help albumin keep water in blood |
| Iron, serum (Fe) | Men: 75-175 g/dL Women:65-165 /dL | Decreased in iron deficiency and anemia; increased in hemolytic conditions |
| High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) | Men: 30-70 mg/dL Women:30-85 mg/dL | Used to evaluate the risk of heart disease |
| Lactic dehydrogenase(LDH or LD) | 95-200 U/L (Normal ranges vary greatly) | Enzyme released in many kinds of tissue damage, including myocardial infarction, pulmonary infarction, and liver disease |
| Lipase | 4-24 U/L (varies with test) | Enzyme used to diagnose pancreatitis |
| Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) | 80-140 mg/dL | Used to evaluate the risk of heart disease |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 1.3-2.1 mEq/L | Vital in neuromuscular function; decreased levels may occur in malnutrition, alcoholism, pancreatitis, diarrhea |
| Phosphorus ((Page*)) (inorganic) | 2.7-4.5 mg/dL | Evaluated in response to calcium; main store is in bone: elevated in kidney disease; decreased in excess parathyroid hormone |
| Protein, total | 6-8 g/dL | Increased in dehydration, multiple myeloma;decreased in kidney disease, liver disease, poor nutrition, severe burns, excessive bleeding |
| Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) | > | See Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) |
| Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) | > | See Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) |
| Thyroxin (T4) | 5-12.5 g/dL (varies) | Screening test of thyroid function; increased in hyperthyroidism; decreased in myxedema and hypothyroidism |
| Thyroid-stimulatinghormone (TSH) | 0.5-6 mlU/L | Produced by pituitary to promote thyroid gland function; elevated when thyroid gland is not functioning |
| Triiodothyronine (T3) | 120-195 mg/dL | Elevated in specific types of hyperthyroidism |
| Triglycerides | Men: 40-160 mg/dL Women: 35-135 mg/dL | An indication of ability to metabolize fats; increased triglycerides and cholesterol indicate high risk of atherosclerosis |
| Uric acid | Men: 3.5-7.2 mg/dL Women:2.6-6.0 mg/dL | Produced by breakdown of ingested purines in food and nucleic acids; elevated in kidney disease, gout, and leukemia |
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