Dr Arieflab

Nilai Referensi Pemeriksaan Kimia Darah

dr. Arief — Thu, 13 Nov 2008 15:24:09 +0000

TEST	NORMAL VALUE*	CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)	7-18 mg/dL	Increased in renal disease and dehydration; decreased in liver damage and malnutrition
Carbon dioxide (CO2) (includes bicarbonate)	23-30 mmol/L	Useful to evaluate acid-base balance by measuring total carbon dioxide in the blood: Elevated in vomiting and pulmonary disease; decreased in diabetic acidosis, acute renal failure, and hyperventilation
Chloride (Cl)	98-106 mEq/L	Increased in dehydration, hyperventilation, and congestive heart failure; decreased in vomiting,diarrhea, and fever
Creatinine	0.6-1.2 mg/dL	Produced at a constant rate and excreted by the kidney; increased in kidney disease
Glucose	Fasting: 70-110 mg/dL Random: 85-125 mg/dL	Increased in diabetes and severe illness; decreased in insulin overdose or hypoglycemia
Potassium (K)	3.5-5 mEq/L	Increased in renal failure, extensive cell damage, and acidosis; decreased in vomiting, diarrhea, and excess administration of diuretics or IV fluids
Sodium (Na)	101-111 mEq/L or 135-148 mEq/L (depending on test)	Increased in dehydration and diabetes insipidus; decreased in overload of IV fluids, burns,diarrhea, or vomiting
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)	10-40 U/L	Used to diagnose and monitor treatment of liver disease and to monitor the effects of drugs on the liver; increased in myocardial infarction
Albumin	3.8-5.0 g/dL	Albumin holds water in blood; decreased in liver disease and kidney disease
Albumin-globulin ratio (A/G ratio)	Greater than 1	Low A/G ratio signifies a tendency for edema because globulin is less effective than albumin at holding water in the blood
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)	20-70 U/L (varies by method)	Enzyme of bone metabolism; increased in liver disease and metastatic bone disease
Amylase	21-160 U/L	Used to diagnose and monitor treatment of acute pancreatitis and to detect inflammation of the salivary glands
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)	0-41 U/L (varies)	Enzyme present in tissues with high metabolic activity; increased in myocardial infarction and liver disease
Bilirubin, total	0.2-1.0 mg/dL	Breakdown product of hemoglobin from red blood cells; increased when excessive red blood cells are being destroyed or in liver disease
Calcium (Ca)	8.8-10.0 mg/dL	Increased in excess parathyroid hormone production and in cancer; decreased in alkalosis, elevated phosphate in renal failure, and excess IV fluids
Cholesterol	120-220 mg/dL desirable range	Screening test used to evaluate risk of heart disease; levels of 200 mg/dL or above indicate increased risk of heart disease and warrant further investigation
Creatine phosphokinase (CPK or CK)	Men: 38-174 U/L Women: 96-140 U/L	Elevated enzyme level indicates myocardial infarction or damage to skeletal muscle. When elevated,specific fractions (isoenzymes) are tested for
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)	Men: 6-26 U/L Women: 4-18 U/L	Used to diagnose liver disease and to test for chronic alcoholism
Globulins	2.3-3.5 g/dL	Proteins active in immunity; help albumin keep water in blood
Iron, serum (Fe)	Men: 75-175 g/dL Women:65-165 /dL	Decreased in iron deficiency and anemia; increased in hemolytic conditions
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)	Men: 30-70 mg/dL Women:30-85 mg/dL	Used to evaluate the risk of heart disease
Lactic dehydrogenase(LDH or LD)	95-200 U/L (Normal ranges vary greatly)	Enzyme released in many kinds of tissue damage, including myocardial infarction, pulmonary infarction, and liver disease
Lipase	4-24 U/L (varies with test)	Enzyme used to diagnose pancreatitis
Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)	80-140 mg/dL	Used to evaluate the risk of heart disease
Magnesium (Mg)	1.3-2.1 mEq/L	Vital in neuromuscular function; decreased levels may occur in malnutrition, alcoholism, pancreatitis, diarrhea
Phosphorus ((Page*)) (inorganic)	2.7-4.5 mg/dL	Evaluated in response to calcium; main store is in bone: elevated in kidney disease; decreased in excess parathyroid hormone
Protein, total	6-8 g/dL	Increased in dehydration, multiple myeloma;decreased in kidney disease, liver disease, poor nutrition, severe burns, excessive bleeding
Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT)	>	See Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)	>	See Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
Thyroxin (T4)	5-12.5 g/dL (varies)	Screening test of thyroid function; increased in hyperthyroidism; decreased in myxedema and hypothyroidism
Thyroid-stimulatinghormone (TSH)	0.5-6 mlU/L	Produced by pituitary to promote thyroid gland function; elevated when thyroid gland is not functioning
Triiodothyronine (T3)	120-195 mg/dL	Elevated in specific types of hyperthyroidism
Triglycerides	Men: 40-160 mg/dL Women: 35-135 mg/dL	An indication of ability to metabolize fats; increased triglycerides and cholesterol indicate high risk of atherosclerosis
Uric acid	Men: 3.5-7.2 mg/dL Women:2.6-6.0 mg/dL	Produced by breakdown of ingested purines in food and nucleic acids; elevated in kidney disease, gout, and leukemia

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Nilai Normal Laboratorium

dr. Arief — Thu, 13 Nov 2008 01:44:24 +0000

Determination

Normal Reference Value

Conventional units

SI units

Blood, Plasma or Serum

Ammonia (NH3) – diffusion

20-120 mcg/dl

12-70 mcmol/L

Ammonia Nitrogen

15-45 µg/dl

11-32 µmol/L

Amylase

35-118 IU/L

0.58-1.97 mckat/L

Anion gap (Na⁺-[Cl ^- + HCO3^- ]) (P)

7-16 mEq/L

7-16 mmol/L

Antithrombin III (AT III)

80–120 U/dl

800–1200 U/L

Bicarbonate

Arterial

21–28 mEq/L

21–28 mmol/L

Venous

22–29 mEq/L

22–29 mmol/L

Bilirubin

Conjugated (direct) Total

£ 0.2 mg/dl
&
0.1–1 mg/dl

£ 4 mcmol/L
&
2–18 mcmol/L

Calcitonin

< 100 pg/ml

< 100 ng/L

Calcium

Total

8.6–10.3 mg/dl

2.2–2.74 mmol/L

Ionized

4.4–5.1 mg/dl

1–1.3 mmol/L

Carbon dioxide content (plasma)

21–32 mmol/L

Carcinoembryonic antigen

< 3 ng/ml

< 3 mcg/L

Chloride

95–110 mEq/L

95–110 mmol/L

Coagulation screen

Bleeding time

3–9.5 min

180–570 sec

Prothrombin time

10–13 sec

Partial thromboplastin time (activated)

22–37 sec

Protein C

0.7–1.4 µ/ml

700–1400 U/ml

Protein S

0.7–1.4 µ/ml

700–1400 U/ml

Copper, total

70–160 mcg/dl

11–25 mcmol/L

Corticotropin (ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone) – 0800 hr

< 60 pg/ml

< 13.2 pmol/L

Cortisol

0800 hr

5–30 mcg/dl

138–810 nmol/L

1800 hr

2–15 mcg/dl

50–410 nmol/L

2000 hr

£ 50% of 0800 hr

Creatine kinase

Female

20–170 IU/L

0.33–2.83 mckat/L

Male

30–220 IU/L

0.5–3.67 mckat/L

Creatinine kinase isoenzymes, MB fraction

0–12 IU/L

0–0.2 mckat/L

Creatinine

0.5–1.7 mg/dl

44–150 mcmol/L

Fibrinogen (coagulation factor I)

150–360 mg/dl

1.5–3.6 g/L

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Female

2–13 mlU/ml

2–13 IU/L

Midcycle

5–22 mlU/ml

5–22 IU/L

Male

1–8 mlU/ml

1–8 IU/L

Glucose, fasting

65–115 mg/dl

3.6–6.3 mmol/L

Glucose Tolerance Test (Oral)

	(mg/dl)		(mmol/L)
	Normal	Diabetic	Normal	Diabetic
Fasting	70–105	> 140	3.9–5.8	> 7.8
60 min	120–170	³ 200	6.7–9.4	³ 11.1
90 min	100–140	³ 200	5.6–7.8	³ 11.1
120 min	70–120	³ 140	3.9–6.7	³ 7.8

(g) – Glutamyltransferase (GGT)

Male

9–50 units/L

Female

8–40 units/L

Haptoglobin

44–303 mg/dl

0.44–3.03 g/L

Hematologic Tests

Fibrinogen

200–400 mg/dl

2–4 g/L

Hematocrit (Hct)

female

36%-44.6%

0.36–0.446 fraction of 1

male

40.7%-50.3%

0.4–0.503 fraction of 1

Hemoglobin A _1C

5.3%-7.5% of total Hgb

0.053–0.075

Hemoglobin (Hb)

female

12.1–15.3 g/dl

121–153 g/L

male

13.8–17.5 g/dl

138–175 g/L

Leukocyte count (WBC)

3800–9800/mcl

3.8–9.8 x 10⁹/L

Erythrocyte count (RBC)

female

3.5–5 x 10⁶/mcl

3.5–5 x 10¹²/L

male

4.3–5.9 x 10⁶/mcl

4.3–5.9 x 10¹²/L

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

80–97.6 mcm³

80–97.6 fl

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

27–33 pg/cell

1.66–2.09 fmol/cell

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrate (MCHC)

33–36 g/dl

20.3–22 mmol/L

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sedrate, ESR)

£30 mm/hr

Erythrocyte enzymes

Glucose-6 – Pphosphate dehydrognase (G-6-PD)

250–5000 units/10⁶ cells

250–5000 mcunits/cell

Determination

Reference Value

(Conventional units)

(SI units)

Blood, Plasma or Serum:

Ammonia (NH₃) – diffusion

20–120 mcg/dl

12–70 mcmol/L

Ammonia Nitrogen

15–45 µg/dl

11–32 µmol/L

Amylase

35–118 IU/L

0.58–1.97 mckat/L

Anion gap (Na⁺-[Cl ^- + HCO₃^-]) (P)

7–16 mEq/L

7–16 mmol/L

Antithrombin III (AT III)

80–120 U/dl

800–1200 U/L

Bicarbonate:	Arterial
	Venous

21–28 mEq/L
22–29 mEq/L

21–28 mmol/L

22–29 mmol/L

Bilirubin: Conjugated (direct) Total

£ 0.2 mg/dl
(0.1–1 mg/dl)

£ 4 mcmol/L
(2–18 mcmol/L)

Calcitonin

< 100 pg/ml

< 100 ng/L

Calcium:	Total
	Ionized

8.6–10.3 mg/dl

4.4–5.1 mg/dl

2.2–2.74 mmol/L

1–1.3 mmol/L

Carbon dioxide content (plasma)

21–32 mmol/L

Carcinoembryonic antigen

< 3 ng/ml

< 3 mcg/L

Chloride

95–110 mEq/L

95–110 mmol/L

Coagulation screen:

Bleeding time
Prothrombin time

Partial thromboplastin time (activated)

Protein C

Protein S

3–9.5 min

10–13 sec

22–37 sec

0.7–1.4 µ/ml

180–570 sec

10–13 sec

22–37 sec

700–1400 U/ml

Copper, total

70–160 mcg/dl

11–25 mcmol/L

Corticotropin
(ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone) – 0800 hr

< 60 pg/ml

< 13.2 pmol/L

Cortisol:	0800 hr
	1800 hr
	2000 hr

5–30 mcg/dl
2–15 mcg/dl

£ 50% of 0800 hr

138–810 nmol/L

50–410 nmol/L

£ 50% of 0800 hr

Creatine kinase:	Female
	Male

20–170 IU/L

30–220 IU/L

0.33–2.83 mckat/L
0.5–3.67 mckat/L

Creatinine kinase isoenzymes, MB fraction

0–12 IU/L

0–0.2 mckat/L

Creatinine

0.5–1.7 mg/dl

44–150 mcmol/L

Fibrinogen (coagulation factor I)

150–360 mg/dl

1.5–3.6 g/L

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH):

Female

Midcycle

Male

2–13 mlU/ml

5–22 mlU/ml
1–8 mlU/ml

2–13 IU/L

5–22 IU/L

1–8 IU/L

Glucose, fasting

65–115 mg/dl

3.6–6.3 mmol/L

Glucose Tolerance Test (Oral)

Fasting

60 min
90 min

120 min

(mg/dl)
Normal	Diabetic
70–105	> 140
120–170	³ 200
100–140	³ 200
70–120	³ 140

(mmol/L)
Normal	Diabetic
3.9–5.8	> 7.8
6.7–9.4	³ 11.1
5.6–7.8	³ 11.1
3.9–6.7	³ 7.8

(g) -Glutamyltransferase (GGT):

Male

Female

9–50 units/L
8–40 units/L

9–50 units/L

8–40 units/L

Haptoglobin

44–303 mg/dl

0.44–3.03 g/L

Determination

Reference Value

Conventional units

SI units

Hematologic tests:

Fibrinogen

Hematocrit (Hct),
female

male

Hemoglobin A _1C

Hemoglobin (Hb),
female

male

Leukocyte count (WBC)
Erythrocyte count (RBC):
female

male

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
(MCH)

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

concentrate (MCHC)

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

(sedrate, ESR)

200–400 mg/dl

36%-44.6%

40.7%-50.3%

5.3%-7.5% of total Hgb

12.1–15.3 g/dl

13.8–17.5 g/dl

3800–9800/mcl

3.5–5 x 10⁶/mcl

4.3–5.9 x 10⁶/mcl

80–97.6 mcm³

27–33 pg/cell

33–36 g/dl

£30 mm/hr

2–4 g/L

0.36–0.446 fraction of 1

0.4–0.503 fraction of 1

0.053–0.075

121–153 g/L

138–175 g/L

3.8–9.8 x 10⁹/L

3.5–5 x 10¹²/L

4.3–5.9 x 10¹²/L

80–97.6 fl

1.66–2.09 fmol/cell

20.3–22 mmol/L

£ 30 mm/hr

Erythrocyte enzymes:

Glucose-6 -
Pphosphate dehydrognase

(G-6-PD)

Ferritin

Folic acid: normal

Platelet count

Reticulocytes

Vitamin B₁₂

250–5000 units/10⁶ cells

10–383 ng/ml

>3.1–12.4 ng/ml

150–450 x 10³/mcl

0.5%-1.5% of erythrocytes

223–1132 pg/ml

250–5000 mcunits/cell

23–862 pmol/L

7–28.1 nmol/L

150–450 x 10⁹/L

0.005–0.015

165–835 pmol/L

Iron:	Female
	Male

30–160 mcg/dl

45–160 mcg/dl

5.4–31.3 mcmol/L

8.1–31.3 mcmol/L

Iron binding capacity

220–420 mcg/dl

39.4–75.2 mcmol/L

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

1.2–7 units/L

Isoenzymes

Fraction 1

Fraction 2

Fraction 3

Fraction 4

Fraction 5

14%-26% of total

29%-39% of total

20%-26% of total

8%-16% of total

6%-16% of total

0.14–0.26 fraction of total

0.29–0.39 fraction of total
0.20–0.26 fraction of total

0.08–0.16 fraction of total

0.06–0.16 fraction of total

Lactate dehydrogenase

100–250 IU/L

1.67–4.17 mckat/L

Lactic acid (lactate)

6–19 mg/dl

0.7–2.1 mmol/L

Lead

£ 50 mcg/dl

£ 2.41 mcmol/L

Lipase

10–150 units/L

Lipids:

Total Cholesterol

Desirable

Borderline-high

High

LDL

Desirable

Borderline-high

High

HDL (low)

Triglycerides

Desirable

Borderline-high

High

Very high

< 200 mg/dl

200–239 mg/dl

> 239 mg/dl

< 130 mg/dl

130–159 mg/dl

> 159 mg/dl

< 35 mg/dl

< 200 mg/dl

200–400 mg/dl

400–1000 mg/dl

> 1000 mg/dl

< 5.2 mmol/L

< 5.2–6.2 mmol/L

> 6.2 mmol/L

< 3.36 mmol/L

3.36–4.11 mmol/L

> 4.11 mmol/L

< 0.91 mmol/L

< 2.26 mmol/L

2.26–4.52 mmol/L

4.52–11.3 mmol/L

> 11.3 mmol/L

Magnesium

1.3–2.2 mEq/L

0.65–1.1 mmol/L

Osmolality

280–300 mOsm/kg

280–300 mmol/kg

Oxygen saturation (arterial)

94%-100%

0.94 – fraction of 1

PCO₂, arterial

35–45 mm Hg

4.7–6 kPa

pH, arterial

7.35–7.45

Determination

Reference Value

Conventional units

SI units

PO, arterial: Breathing room air

On 100% O

80–105 mm Hg

> 500 mm Hg

10.6–14 kPa

Phosphatase (acid), total at 37°C

0.13–0.63 IU/L

2.2–10.5 IU/L or

2.2–10.5 mckat/L

Phosphatase alkaline

20–130 IU/L

20–130 IU/L or

0.33–2.17 mckat/L

Phosphorus, inorganic, (phosphate)

2.5–5 mg/dl

0.8–1.6 mmol/L

Potassium

3.5–5 mEq/L

3.5–5 mmol/L

Progesterone

Female

Follicular phase

Luteal phase

Male

0.1–1.5 ng/ml

0.1–1.5 ng/ml
2.5–28 ng/ml

< 0.5 ng/ml

0.32–4.8 nmol/L

8–89 nmol/L

< 1.6 nmol/L

Prolactin

1.4–24.2 ng/ml

1.4–24.2 mcg/L

Prostate specific antigen

Protein: Total
Albumin

Globulin

0–4 ng/ml

6–8 g/dl

3.6–5 g/dl

2.3–3.5 g/dl

0–4 ng/ml
60–80 g/L

36–50 g/L

23–35 g/L

Rheumatoid factor

< 60 IU/ml

< 60 kIU/L

Sodium

135–147 mEq/L

135–147 mmol/L

Testosterone:
Female

Male

6–86 ng/dl

270–1070 ng/dl

0.21–3 nmol/L

9.3–37 nmol/L

Thyroid Hormone Function Tests:

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Thyroxine-binding globulin capacity

Total triiodothyronine (T₃)

Total thyroxine by RIA (T₄)
T₃ resin uptake

0.35–6.2 mcU/ml

10–26 mcg/dl

75–220 ng/dl

4–11 mcg/dl
25%-38%

0.35–6.2 mU/L

100–260 mcg/L

1.2–3.4 nmol/L

51–142 nmol/L

0.25–0.38 fraction of 1

Transaminase, AST (aspartate aminotransferase, SGOT)

11–47 IU/L

0.18–0.78 mckat/L

Transaminase, ALT (alanine aminotransferase, SGPT)

7–53 IU/L

0.12–0.88 mckat/L

Transferrin

220–400 mg/dL

2.20–4.00 g/L

Urea nitrogen (BUN)

8–25 mg/dl

2.9–8.9 mmol/L

Uric acid

3–8 mg/dl

179–476 mcmol/L

Vitamin A (retinol)

15–60 mcg/dl

0.52–2.09 mcmol/L

Zinc

50–150 mcg/dl

7.7–23 mcmol/L

¹ Tergantung pada usia

² Bayi dan anak sampai 104 U/L

³ Bayi usia 1 tahun sampai 6 mg/dl

Urine
Determination	Reference Value
Determination	Conventional units	SI units
Calcium	50–250 mcg/day	1.25–6.25 mmol/day
Catecholamines: Epinephrine Norepinephrine	< 20 mcg/day < 100 mcg/day	< 109 nmol/day < 590 nmol/day
Catecholamines, 24-hr	< 110 µg	< 650 nmol
Copper	15–60 mcg/day	0.24–0.95 mcmol/day
Creatinine: Child Adolescent Female Male	8–22 mg/kg 8–30 mg/kg 0.6–1.5 g/day 0.8–1.8 g/day	71–195 µmol/kg 71–265 µmol/kg 5.3–13.3 mmol/day 7.1–15.9 mmol/day
pH	4.5–8	4.5–8
Phosphate	0.9–1.3 g/day	29–42 mmol/day
Potassium	25–100 mEq/day	25–100 mmol/day
Protein Total At rest	1–14 mg/dL 50–80 mg/day	10–140 mg/L 50–80 mg/day
Protein, quantitative	< 150 mg/day	< 0.15 g/day
Sodium	100–250 mEq/day	100–250 mmol/day
Specific gravity, random	1.002–1.030	1.002–1.030
Uric acid, 24-hr	250–750 mg	1.48–4.43 mmol

¹ Tergantung pada diet.

Drug Levels*
Drug Determination		Reference Value
Drug Determination		Conventional units	SI units
Aminoglycosides	Amikacin (trough) (peak)	1–8 mcg/ml 1.7–13.7 mcmol/L	20–30 mcg/ml 34–51 mcmol/L
	Gentamicin (trough) (peak)	0.5–2 mcg/ml 6–10 mcg/ml	1–4.2 mcmol/L 12.5–20.9 mcmol/L
	Kanamycin (trough) (peak)	5–10 mcg/ml 20–25 mcg/ml	nd nd
	Netilimicin (trough) (peak)	0.5–2 mcg/ml 6–10 mcg/ml	nd nd
	Streptomycin (trough) (peak)	< 5 mcg/ml 5–20 mcg/ml	nd nd
	Tobramycin (trough) (peak)	0.5–2 mcg/ml 5–20 mcg/ml	1.1–4.3 mcmol/L 12.8–21.8 mcmol/L

Drug Determination		Reference Value
Drug Determination		Conventional units	SI units
Antiarrhythmics	Amiodarone	0.5–2.5 mcg/ml	1.5–4 mcmol/L
	Bretylium	0.5–1.5 mcg/ml	nd
	Digitoxin	9–25 mcg/L	11.8–32.8 nmol/L
	Digoxin	0.8–2 ng/ml	0.9–2.5 nmol/L
	Disopyramide	2–8 mcg/ml	6–18 mcmol/L
	Flecainide	0.2–1 mcg/ml	nd
	Lidocaine	1.5–6 mcg/ml	4.5–21.5 mcmol/L
	Mexiletine	0.5–2 mcg/ml	nd
	Procainamide	4–8 mcg/ml	17–34 mcmol/ml
	Propranolol	50–200 ng/ml	190–770 nmol/L
	Quinidine	2–6 mcg/ml	4.6–9.2 mcmol/L
	Tocainide	4–10 mcg/ml	nd
	Verapamil	0.08–0.3 mcg/ml	nd
Anticonvulsants	Carbamazepine	4–12 mcg/ml	17–51 mcmol/L
	Phenobarbital	10–40 mcg/ml	43–172 mcmol/L
	Phenytoin	10–20 mcg/ml	40–80 mcmol/L
	Primidone	4–12 mcg/ml	18–55 mcmol/L
	Valproic Acid	40–100 mcg/ml	280–700 mcmol/L
Antidepressants	Amitriptyline	110–250 ng/ml	500–900 nmol/L
	Amoxapine	200–500 ng/ml	nd
	Bupropion	25–100 ng/ml	nd
	Clomipramine	80–100 ng/ml	nd
	Desipramine	115–300 ng/ml	nd
	Doxepin	110–250 ng/ml	nd
	Imipramine	225–350 ng/ml	nd
	Maprotiline	200–300 ng/ml	nd
	Nortriptyline	50–150 ng/ml	nd
	Protriptyline	70–250 ng/ml	nd
	Trazodone	800–1600 ng/ml	nd
Antipsychotics	Chlorpromazine	50–300 ng/ml	150–950 nmol/L
	Fluphenazine	0.13–2.8 ng/ml	nd
	Haloperidol	5–20 ng/ml	nd
	Perphenazine	0.8–1.2 ng/ml	nd
	Thiothixene	2–57 ng/ml	nd

Drug Determination		Reference Value
Drug Determination		Conventional units	SI units
Miscellaneous	Amantadine Amrinone	300 ng/ml 3.7 mcg/ml	nd nd
	Chloramphenicol	10–20 mcg/ml	31–62 mcmol/L
	Cyclosporine	250–800 ng/ml (whole blood, RIA) 50–300 ng/ml (plasma, RIA)	nd nd
	Ethanol	0 mg/dl	0 mmol/L
	Hydralazine	100 ng/ml	nd
	Lithium	0.6–1.2 mEq/L	0.6–1.2 mmol/L
	Salicylate	100–300 mg/L	724–2172 mcmol/L
	Sulfonamide	5–15 mg/dl	nd
	Terbutaline	0.5–4.1 ng/ml	nd
	Theophylline	10–20 mcg/ml	55–110 mcmol/L
	Vancomycin (trough) (peak)	5–15 ng/ml 20–40 mcg/ml	nd nd

* Nilai yang diberikan secara umum dapat digunakan untuk terapi tanpa terjadi efek toksik pada kebanyakan pasien, Namun pengecualian juga tidak jarang terjadi.

¹ nd = data tidak tersedia.

² Metabolit N-desmethyl beserta turunannya.

³ Nilai 24 jam.

⁴ Toksik: 50–100 mg/dl (10.9–21.7 mmol/L).

Diambil dari The Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, National Institutes of Health.

Classification of Blood Pressure *
Category	Reference value
Category	Systolic (mm Hg)	Diastolic (mm Hg)
Optimal	< 120	and	< 80
Normal	< 130	and	< 85
High-normal	130–139	or	85–89
Hypertension Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3	140–159 160–179 ³ 180	or or or	90–99 100–109 ³ 110

* Untuk dewasa berusia 18 atau lebih yang tidak dalam pengobatan anti hipertensi dan tidak dalam kondisi akut. Ketika tekanan sistole dan diastole masuk ke dalam kategori lain, maka kategori di atasnya harus dipilih untuk menentukan klasifikasi status tekanan darah penderita. Sebagai tambahan dalam menentukan stadium hipertensi, seorang praktisi medis harus menentukan ada atau tidaknya penyakit pada target organ serta faktor resiko lainnya.

¹ Tekanan darah yang optimal terhadap resiko kardiovaskular adalah dibawah 120/88 m Hg. Namun demikian, nilai rendah yang tidak wajar harus dievaluasi untuk menemukan kelainan klinis yang signifikan.

² Berdasarkan atas pembacaan sebanyak 2 kali atau lebih pada pemeriksaan awal.

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